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| Glossary : Census 2000 Concepts and Definitions |
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Age refers to the number of completed years between a person's date of birth and 30 June 2000.
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Age at First Marriage
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Age at first marriage refers to the age at which the resident ever-married female was first married.
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All Singapore residents with valid local addresses are included in the Census population count. Non-resident population with valid passes/permits and stay in Singapore for 1 year or more are also included in the count. Transient population such as tourists are excluded. The total population covered in the Census is classified under 2 groups:
| Present |
Persons who are usually living in their registered addresses. They include those who are temporarily overseas for business or leisure for periods not exceeding 6 months. |
| Absentee/ Overseas |
Persons with addresses in Singapore, but whose location of employment or course of study is overseas, and the duration of such employment or course of study is 6 months or more. They also include those who are not working or studying, but intend to stay abroad for at least 6 months. |
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Country of Birth |
Country of birth refers to the country in which the person was born as defined by current political boundaries.
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The economic status of a person refers to whether a person is working during the seven days preceding the day he was enumerated. Persons aged 15 years and over are classified as either economically active or economically inactive.
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Economic Status |
The economic status of a person refers to whether a person is working during the seven days preceding the day he was enumerated. Persons aged 15 years and over are classified as either economically active or economically inactive.
Economically active persons refer to persons who were working and those who were actively looking for work if not working during the reference period.
| Working |
A working person is one who during the reference period, worked for pay or profit. It includes all those who had a job but were on leave during the Census, serving national service, as well as those who worked in a family business without fixed pay. |
| Unemployed |
An unemployed person is one who was not working during the reference period but was actively looking for work or planning to start his own business. An unemployed person who had a job or business prior to the reference period is classified as "Unemployed - previously worked". A person who had never worked in any job or business prior to the reference period and was actively looking for his first job is classified as "Unemployed - never previously worked". |
Economically inactive persons refer to persons who were not working and not looking for work during the reference period. They include housewives, students, pensioners, retired and disabled persons and persons with private means and are classified into the following three categories:
| Homemakers |
This refers to persons who are engaged in household work without pay. Housewives are included in this category. |
| Student |
This refers to persons who attend educational institutions such as schools, colleges or universities on full-time basis. |
| Others |
This refers to all other economically inactive persons such as those who are retired, too old to work, disabled persons and persons with private means. Prisoners, patients of mental hospitals, inmates of homes for the aged as well as those who are awaiting call-up for national service are included in this category too. |
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Ethnic group refers to a person's race as declared by that person. The population is classified into the following four categories:
| Chinese |
This refers to persons of Chinese origin such as Hokkiens, Teochews, Cantonese, Hakkas, Hainanese, Hockchias, Foochows, Henghuas, Shanghainese etc. |
| Malays |
This refers to persons of Malay or Indonesian origin, such as Javanese, Boyanese, Bugis etc. |
| Indians |
This refers to persons of Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Sri Lankan origin such as Tamils, Malayalis, Punjabis, Bengalis, Singhalese etc. |
| Other Ethnic Group |
This comprises all persons other than Chinese, Malays and Indians. They include Eurasians, Caucasians, Arabs, Japanese etc. |
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Ever-Married Females
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Ever-married females refer to resident females who have been married before and are currently married, widowed, or divorced/separated. |
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Field of study refers to the principal discipline, branch or subject matter of study that leads to the award of the highest qualification attained at polytechnic or university levels. The Singapore Standard Educational Classification 2000 is used to classify the subject matter of study. |
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Income from work refers to income received by a working person from employment. It does not include other forms of income which are not derived from work.
For self-employed persons, gross monthly income refers to the average monthly profits from their business, trade or profession (total receipts less business expenses incurred).
For employees, gross monthly income refers to the total gross monthly wages or salaries including commissions, overtime pay, National Wages Council (NWC) supplements, tips, other allowances and one-twelfth of the annual bonus received or expected to receive. Payments in kind, reimbursement for transport and other expenses are excluded. If they have just started work, the gross monthly income refers to the wages they would be receiving for a full-month's work plus one-twelfth of the expected annual bonus.
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The head of a private household is the person generally acknowledged as such by other members of the household. The head is normally the oldest member, the main income earner, the owner-occupier of the house or the person who manages the affairs of the household. Where the household comprises a group of unrelated persons, the head of household refers to the person who manages the affairs of the household, or any responsible person who supplied the information pertaining to other members. |
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Highest Qualification Attained |
Highest qualification attained refers to highest grade or standard a person has passed or the highest level where a certificate, diploma or degree is awarded. Persons aged 15 years and over who are not attending educational institutions as full-time students are classified into the following main categories:
| No Formal Qualification/ Lower Primary |
This refers to those who have never attended school, or have primary education without Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) certificate or their equivalent, or have Certificate in Best 1-3
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| Primary |
This refers to those who have PSLE/PSPE or other certificate of equivalent standard, or have Certificate in Best 4 |
| Lower Secondary |
This refers to those who have secondary education without a GCE ‘O’/‘N’ Level pass or equivalent, or have Certificate in Wise 1-3, or basic vocational certificates (incl. Basic vocational training) |
| Secondary |
This refers to those who have at least 1 GCE ‘N’/’O’ Level pass, or Certificate of Competency, or technical certificate at NTC Grade 3 level or Equivalent (eg, Certificate of vocational training, BCA Builder Certificate), or other certificates/qualifications of equivalent standard |
| Upper Secondary |
General - This refers to those who have at least 1 GCE ‘A’ Level pass, or have other certificates/qualification of equivalent standard
Vocational - This refers to those who have Certificate in Office Skills, or Certificate in Business Skills, or Technical certificate at NTC Grade 2 level or equivalent (incl. Advanced Builder Cert.), or Technical certificate at NTC Grade 1 level or equivalent, or Industrial Technician Certificate or equivalent (incl. Polytechnic certs.), or other advanced certificates (eg, SIM certificates) |
| Polytechnic Diploma |
This refers to those who have Polytechnic diploma, or Polytechnic advanced diploma (incl. Polytechnic advance/post/specialist/management/grad diploma), or Polytechnic post-diploma certificate |
| Other Diploma and Professional Qualification |
This refers to those who have qualifications awarded by professional bodies, or National Institute of Education (NIE) diploma, or Other diploma qualifications (SIM dip) |
| University |
This refers to those who have Bachelor Degree, or Postgraduate Diploma (incl. NIE postgraduate dip), or Masters, or Doctorate |
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Hours Worked |
Hours worked refers to the number of hours the person worked during the week preceding the day he was enumerated. For those who were temporarily not working (e.g. on leave), the most recent week of employment is used. |
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Household |
A private household refers to a group of two or more persons living together in the same house and sharing common food or other arrangements for essential living. It also includes a person living alone or a person living with others but having his own food arrangements. Although persons may be living in the same house, they may not be members of the same household. A resident private household refers to a private household headed by a Singapore citizen or permanent resident.
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Household Income from Work |
Household income from work refers to the sum of income received by all members of the household from employment and business. However, it does not include the income of servants. |
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Household Size |
Household size refers to the total number of members in the private household, including maids. |
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Household Structure |
Household structure refers to the classification of a household according to the number of family nuclei and the number of generations in the household.
| One Family Nucleus |
This refers to a household formed by one of the following, regardless of the number of generations:
a) a married couple, with or without unmarried child(ren) and/or a parent/grandparent;
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a family consisting of immediate related members, without presence of a married couple e.g. one parent only with unmarried child(ren).
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| Two Family Nuclei |
This refers to a household with two family nuclei. |
| Three or More Family Nuclei |
This refers to a household with three or more family nuclei.
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| No Family Nucleus |
This refers to a household formed by a person living alone or living with others but which does not constitute any family nucleus. This is further classified into one person household or more than one person household. |
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Industry refers to the kind of economic activity or the nature of business of the firm, establishment or department in which the person was employed during the reference period. If the person was self-employed, industry refers to the kind of economic activity or nature of business he was operating. The Singapore Standard Industrial Classification 2000, which is based on the International Standard Industrial Classification 1990 (ISIC-90), is used to classify all working persons by industry.
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Language most frequently spoken at home refers to the language or dialect that a person uses most frequently at home when speaking to household members. |
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Level of Education Attending |
Level of education attending refers to the grade or standard of formal education which a full-time student is attending. Students aged 5 years and over are classified into the following six main categories:
| Pre-Primary |
This refers to students attending kindergartens or pre-primary classes. |
| Primary |
This refers to students attending Primary 1 to 6 and special classes for the educationally sub-normal. |
| Secondary |
This refers to students attending Secondary 1 to 5 or courses of secondary level offered in the vocational, technical and commercial educational institutions, e.g. NTC Grade 3 |
| Upper Secondary |
This refers to students attending Pre-university classes and junior colleges or other courses at upper secondary level, e.g. ITC, NTC Grades 1 and 2 and diploma courses in teacher training for those with GCE "O" or "A" level qualifications. |
| Polytechnic |
This refers to students attending courses offered by the Polytechnics such as the Singapore, Ngee Ann, Temasek and Nanyang Polytechnic. |
| University |
This refers to students attending degree or post-graduate courses in universities. |
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Literacy (Language Literate in) |
Literacy refers to a person's ability to read with understanding, eg. a newspaper, in the language specified.
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Marital Status refers to a person's conjugal status in relation to the marriage laws or customs in Singapore.
| Single |
This refers to persons who have never been married.
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| Married |
This refers to persons who are legally married, married according to customary rites, or cohabiting with another person as man and wife. |
| Widowed |
This refers to persons whose spouses are deceased and have not remarried. |
| Divorced |
This refers to persons whose marriages have been legally dissolved, or persons who have been legally separated or estranged from their spouses and who have not remarried. |
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Mode of Transport to School or Work |
Mode of transport to school or work refers to how a full-time student or a working person usually travel to school or work respectively. Persons who usually walk to school or work and persons who work at their place of residence are classified in the category "no transport required". |
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Number of children born alive refers to all the live-born children each resident ever-married woman has given birth to. It includes those children who are currently staying with her, those who have set up their own homes and those who are no longer living.
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Occupation of a working person refers to the kind of work he was doing during the reference period. The Singapore Standard Occupational Classification 2000, which is based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations 1988 (ISCO-88), is used to classify working persons by occupation. |
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Occupational Status |
Occupational status refers to the status of working persons in relation to their employment. Working persons aged 15 years and over are classified into the four categories:
| Employers |
This refers to persons who operate either on their own or jointly with other partners a business, trade or profession and hire one or more employees. |
| Own Account Workers |
This refers to persons who operate either on their own or jointly with other partners a business, trade or profession without any paid employee. |
| Employees |
This refers to persons who work for individuals, firms or organisations, the government or statutory bodies and receive regular wages and salaries from them. |
| Unpaid Family Workers |
This refers to persons who assist in the family business, trade or enterprise without receiving any fixed wage or salary. |
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Predominant household language refers to the language or dialect spoken by the majority of household members to other members. |
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Religion refers to the religious faith or spiritual belief of a person regardless of whether or not he regularly attends religious ceremonies in a temple, mosque, church or other religious building. He may or may not practise his faith or belief. |
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Residential Status |
Singapore citizens and permanent residents are classified as Singapore residents or the resident population. Singapore permanent residents refer to non-citizens who have been granted permanent residence in Singapore. Non-resident population are those who are non-citizens and non-permanent residents of Singapore, such as employment pass holders, work permit holders, student pass holders, dependent pass holders and long-term social visit pass holders.
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Tenancy refers to the tenure status of the household with respect to the dwelling in which the household members live. Tenancy is classified into the following three categories:
| Owner |
This refers to a household where the head or any other member owns the house. |
| Tenant |
This refers to a household who rents the dwelling or part of it. |
| Others |
This refers to a household who occupies a dwelling provided without charge by employers, friends or relatives. |
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Type of Dwelling |
A dwelling refers to a building, part of a building, or a covered space used or intended to be used by one or more persons as living quarters. Each dwelling has its own separate entrance with direct access to a public road or pathway. A dwelling may be a residential building by itself, or a unit in a residential building, or part of a non-residential building such as a shop or factory with space used as living quarters.
Dwellings are classified into the following six categories; detached bungalows, semi-detached bungalows, terrace houses, HDB flats, other public flats, and condominiums and private flats. |
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Last updated: 30 Jun 2007
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