Overview
Singapore's balance of payments (BOP) is a statement that summarises the economic transactions between Singapore residents and non-residents. These transactions occur during a specific time period. It consists of the current account, and the capital and financial account.
The international investment position (IIP) is a statistical statement that shows the value and composition of cross border financial assets and liabilities of residents of an economy at a point in time. Financial assets and liabilities comprise mainly three broad categories (1) equity and investment fund shares, (2) debt instruments, and (3) other financial assets and liabilities such as financial derivatives.
The net IIP is the difference between its external financial assets and liabilities. The sum of the net IIP with the value of non-financial assets reflects the net worth of an economy.
External debt is defined as the outstanding amount of current (and not contingent) debt liabilities owed to non-residents by residents of an economy at a point in time.
Other subjects in this theme
Latest News & Data
Latest News
31 Mar 2026News
International Investment Position, 4Q 2025
Singapore’s net asset position in the international investment position rose 2.6% quarter-on-quarter to $1,389 bil as at end 4Q 2025.
25 Jul 2025News
Portfolio Investment Liabilities, 2024
Singapore’s portfolio investment liabilities stood at $842 bil as at end 2024. The top five source economies were the United States of America, Hong Kong, United Kingdom, Cayman Islands, and Luxembourg.
18 Jul 2025News
Portfolio Investment Assets, 2024
Singapore’s portfolio investment assets reached $2,690 bil as at end 2024. The top five investment destination economies were the United States of America (USA), Mainland China, Japan, India, and the Republic of Korea.
27 Nov 2025News
Singapore’s Balance of Payments Services Trade by Modes of Supply 2023
In 2023, Cross-border Supply was the predominant mode of supply, constituting 82.6% and 72.4% of total services exports and imports respectively, while Consumption Abroad and Presence of Natural Persons contributed to the remainder.
Latest Data
| SDDS Data Category and Component | Unit Description | Observations | % change | Data Source/ Links to Data |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In Latest data | In Latest-1 data | ||||||
| Date of Latest | Latest data | Latest-1 data | (over same period in previous year) | ||||
| External Sector | |||||||
| Balance of Payments | |||||||
| Balance of Payments | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 21,431.6 | -12,889.8 | na | na | DOS |
| *Imports of goods and services | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 297,753.0 | 281,765.7 | 7.2 | 6.9 | |
| *Exports of goods and services | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 373,460.7 | 352,268.9 | 6.6 | 4.5 | |
| *Net primary income receipts | S$m | 4Q 2025 | -32,749.8 | -38,645.8 | na | na | |
| *Net receipts from secondary income account | S$m | 4Q 2025 | -2,721.9 | -3,378.0 | na | na | |
| Reserve Assets | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 21,431.6 | -12,889.8 | na | na | |
| *Financial transactions (decrease in assets and liabilities, and net inflows in net balances, are indicated by a minus [-] sign) |
S$m | 4Q 2025 | 16,906.2 | 42,057.8 | na | na | |
| Merchandise Trade | |||||||
| Merchandise Trade | S$m | Feb/26 | 114,077.0 | 140,850.8 | 13.6 | 23.8 | ESG |
| *Total exports (f.o.b) | S$m | Feb/26 | 59,927.9 | 77,488.0 | 11.0 | 30.3 | |
| *Total imports (c.i.f) | S$m | Feb/26 | 54,149.1 | 63,362.8 | 16.6 | 16.6 | |
| International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity | |||||||
| Official Reserve Assets | US$m | Mar/26 | 419,193.4 | 416,058.2 | 9.6 | 9.7 | MAS |
| Reserves Template | US$m | Feb/26 | 416,058.2 | 416,969.1 | 9.7 | 10.7 | MAS |
| SDDS Data Category and Component | Unit Description | Observations | % change | Data Source/ Links to Data |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In Latest data | In Latest-1 data | ||||||
| Date of Latest | Latest data | Latest-1 data | (over same period in previous year) | ||||
| External Sector | |||||||
| Balance of Payments | |||||||
| Balance of Payments | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 21,431.6 | -12,889.8 | na | na | DOS |
| *Imports of goods and services | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 297,753.0 | 281,765.7 | 7.2 | 6.9 | |
| *Exports of goods and services | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 373,460.7 | 352,268.9 | 6.6 | 4.5 | |
| *Net primary income receipts | S$m | 4Q 2025 | -32,749.8 | -38,645.8 | na | na | |
| *Net receipts from secondary income account | S$m | 4Q 2025 | -2,721.9 | -3,378.0 | na | na | |
| Reserve Assets | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 21,431.6 | -12,889.8 | na | na | |
| *Financial transactions (decrease in assets and liabilities, and net inflows in net balances, are indicated by a minus [-] sign) |
S$m | 4Q 2025 | 16,906.2 | 42,057.8 | na | na | |
| Merchandise Trade | |||||||
| Merchandise Trade | S$m | Feb/26 | 114,077.0 | 140,850.8 | 13.6 | 23.8 | ESG |
| *Total exports (f.o.b) | S$m | Feb/26 | 59,927.9 | 77,488.0 | 11.0 | 30.3 | |
| *Total imports (c.i.f) | S$m | Feb/26 | 54,149.1 | 63,362.8 | 16.6 | 16.6 | |
| International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity | |||||||
| Official Reserve Assets | US$m | Mar/26 | 419,193.4 | 416,058.2 | 9.6 | 9.7 | MAS |
| Reserves Template | US$m | Feb/26 | 416,058.2 | 416,969.1 | 9.7 | 10.7 | MAS |
| SDDS Data Category and Component | Unit Description | Observations | % change | Data Source/ Links to Data |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In Latest data | In Latest-1 data | ||||||
| Date of Latest | Latest data | Latest-1 data | (over same period in previous year) | ||||
| External Sector | |||||||
| International Investment Position | DOS | ||||||
| Singapore External Assets | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 8,830,247.1 | 8,587,094.9 | 8.0 | 7.7 | |
| *Direct Investment | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 2,656,136.4 | 2,605,634.1 | 6.4 | 5.1 | |
| *Portfolio Investment | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 3,041,029.5 | 2,976,681.6 | 10.7 | 9.7 | |
| Equity and Investment Fund Shares | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 1,852,248.8 | 1,794,124.6 | 14.6 | 12.3 | |
| Debt Securities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 1,188,780.7 | 1,182,557.0 | 5.2 | 5.9 | |
| *Financial Derivatives | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 263,751.1 | 245,257.1 | -5.5 | -3.8 | |
| *Other Investment | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 2,343,004.1 | 2,252,687.7 | 9.1 | 11.2 | |
| *Reserve Assets | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 526,326.0 | 506,834.4 | 3.9 | 1.4 | |
| Singapore External Liabilities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 7,441,392.3 | 7,233,730.7 | 8.1 | 7.7 | |
| *Direct Investment | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 4,069,621.4 | 3,961,909.1 | 12.4 | 10.4 | |
| *Portfolio Investment | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 930,405.2 | 901,908.4 | 6.6 | 4.0 | |
| Equity and Investment Fund Shares | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 560,325.2 | 548,669.8 | 3.5 | 2.3 | |
| Debt Securities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 370,080.0 | 353,238.6 | 11.8 | 6.8 | |
| *Financial Derivatives | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 304,970.3 | 281,138.0 | -3.0 | -3.7 | |
| *Other Investment | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 2,136,395.4 | 2,088,775.2 | 3.0 | 6.0 | |
| Net International Investment Position | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 1,388,854.8 | 1,353,364.2 | 7.3 | 7.6 | |
| SDDS Data Category and Component | Unit Description | Observations | % change | Data Source/ Links to Data |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In Latest data | In Latest-1 data | ||||||
| Date of Latest | Latest data | Latest-1 data | (over same period in previous year) | ||||
| External Sector | |||||||
| International Investment Position | DOS | ||||||
| Singapore External Assets | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 8,830,247.1 | 8,587,094.9 | 8.0 | 7.7 | |
| *Direct Investment | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 2,656,136.4 | 2,605,634.1 | 6.4 | 5.1 | |
| *Portfolio Investment | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 3,041,029.5 | 2,976,681.6 | 10.7 | 9.7 | |
| Equity and Investment Fund Shares | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 1,852,248.8 | 1,794,124.6 | 14.6 | 12.3 | |
| Debt Securities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 1,188,780.7 | 1,182,557.0 | 5.2 | 5.9 | |
| *Financial Derivatives | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 263,751.1 | 245,257.1 | -5.5 | -3.8 | |
| *Other Investment | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 2,343,004.1 | 2,252,687.7 | 9.1 | 11.2 | |
| *Reserve Assets | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 526,326.0 | 506,834.4 | 3.9 | 1.4 | |
| Singapore External Liabilities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 7,441,392.3 | 7,233,730.7 | 8.1 | 7.7 | |
| *Direct Investment | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 4,069,621.4 | 3,961,909.1 | 12.4 | 10.4 | |
| *Portfolio Investment | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 930,405.2 | 901,908.4 | 6.6 | 4.0 | |
| Equity and Investment Fund Shares | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 560,325.2 | 548,669.8 | 3.5 | 2.3 | |
| Debt Securities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 370,080.0 | 353,238.6 | 11.8 | 6.8 | |
| *Financial Derivatives | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 304,970.3 | 281,138.0 | -3.0 | -3.7 | |
| *Other Investment | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 2,136,395.4 | 2,088,775.2 | 3.0 | 6.0 | |
| Net International Investment Position | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 1,388,854.8 | 1,353,364.2 | 7.3 | 7.6 | |
| SDDS Data Category and Component | Unit Description | Observations | % change | Data Source/ Links to Data |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In Latest data | In Latest-1 data | ||||||
| Date of Latest | Latest data | Latest-1 data | (over same period in previous year) | ||||
| External Sector | |||||||
| External Debt | DOS | ||||||
| Direct Investment: Intercompany Loans | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 668,865.6 | 651,575.0 | 3.1 | -0.1 | |
| Debt Liabilities of DIE to Direct Investors | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 531,803.9 | 515,617.7 | 8.6 | 5.3 | |
| Debt Liabilities of Direct Investors to DIE | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 33,977.0 | 34,134.4 | -25.1 | -24.3 | |
| Debt Liabilities between Fellow Enterprises | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 103,084.7 | 101,822.9 | -9.3 | -13.5 | |
| Other Liabilities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 2,506,475.4 | 2,442,013.8 | 4.2 | 6.1 | |
| General Government | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Central Bank | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 7,868.6 | 7,921.3 | -1.0 | 1.9 | |
| Short-term | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Loans | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Debt Securities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Currency and Deposits | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Others | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Long-term | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 7,868.6 | 7,921.3 | -1.0 | 1.9 | |
| Special Drawing Rights (allocations) | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 7,868.6 | 7,921.3 | -1.0 | 1.9 | |
| Loans | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Debt Securities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Others | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Deposit-Taking Corporations | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 1,731,146.6 | 1,679,574.7 | 3.6 | 5.2 | |
| Short-term | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 1,536,865.4 | 1,480,890.3 | 3.4 | 5.1 | |
| Loans | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Debt Securities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 55,492.9 | 52,294.2 | 2.9 | -6.5 | |
| Currency and Deposits | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 1,469,248.6 | 1,416,075.5 | 3.4 | 5.5 | |
| Others | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 12,123.9 | 12,520.6 | 2.2 | 14.1 | |
| Long-term | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 194,281.2 | 198,684.4 | 5.3 | 6.0 | |
| Loans | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Debt Securities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 30,885.6 | 26,850.0 | 10.5 | 7.4 | |
| Others | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 163,395.6 | 171,834.4 | 4.4 | 5.8 | |
| Other Sector | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 767,460.2 | 754,517.8 | 5.8 | 8.3 | |
| Short-term | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 421,908.1 | 404,926.6 | 2.7 | 4.5 | |
| Trade Credits and Advances | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 191,871.8 | 184,399.4 | -0.8 | -1.5 | |
| Loans | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 168,492.1 | 163,910.3 | 5.4 | 11.9 | |
| Debt Securities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 46,444.8 | 40,876.3 | 5.6 | -1.3 | |
| Others | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 15,099.4 | 15,740.6 | 10.7 | 27.4 | |
| Long-term | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 345,552.1 | 349,591.2 | 9.9 | 13.0 | |
| Loans | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 71,665.5 | 80,204.1 | -2.3 | 18.9 | |
| Debt Securities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 237,256.7 | 233,218.1 | 15.6 | 11.8 | |
| Others | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 36,629.9 | 36,169.0 | 2.0 | 8.4 | |
| Gross External Debt | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 3,175,341.0 | 3,093,588.8 | 4.0 | 4.8 | |
| General Government Gross External Debt | |||||||
| General government gross external debt owed to official bilateral creditors, and the amounts, by country, owed to the five largest (in terms of shares in total bilateral debt) official creditors (S$m) | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | DOS, AGD, MAS |
| General government gross external debt owed to multilateral creditors, and the amounts, by institution, owed to the five largest (in terms of shares in total multilateral debt) multilateral creditors (S$m) | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | DOS, AGD, MAS |
| Exchange Rate S$ per US$ (as at end-month) | S$ per US$ | Mar/26 | 1.2913 | 1.2636 | -3.7 | -6.3 | MAS |
| SDDS Data Category and Component | Unit Description | Observations | % change | Data Source/ Links to Data |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| In Latest data | In Latest-1 data | ||||||
| Date of Latest | Latest data | Latest-1 data | (over same period in previous year) | ||||
| External Sector | |||||||
| External Debt | DOS | ||||||
| Direct Investment: Intercompany Loans | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 668,865.6 | 651,575.0 | 3.1 | -0.1 | |
| Debt Liabilities of DIE to Direct Investors | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 531,803.9 | 515,617.7 | 8.6 | 5.3 | |
| Debt Liabilities of Direct Investors to DIE | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 33,977.0 | 34,134.4 | -25.1 | -24.3 | |
| Debt Liabilities between Fellow Enterprises | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 103,084.7 | 101,822.9 | -9.3 | -13.5 | |
| Other Liabilities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 2,506,475.4 | 2,442,013.8 | 4.2 | 6.1 | |
| General Government | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Central Bank | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 7,868.6 | 7,921.3 | -1.0 | 1.9 | |
| Short-term | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Loans | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Debt Securities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Currency and Deposits | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Others | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Long-term | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 7,868.6 | 7,921.3 | -1.0 | 1.9 | |
| Special Drawing Rights (allocations) | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 7,868.6 | 7,921.3 | -1.0 | 1.9 | |
| Loans | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Debt Securities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Others | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Deposit-Taking Corporations | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 1,731,146.6 | 1,679,574.7 | 3.6 | 5.2 | |
| Short-term | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 1,536,865.4 | 1,480,890.3 | 3.4 | 5.1 | |
| Loans | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Debt Securities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 55,492.9 | 52,294.2 | 2.9 | -6.5 | |
| Currency and Deposits | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 1,469,248.6 | 1,416,075.5 | 3.4 | 5.5 | |
| Others | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 12,123.9 | 12,520.6 | 2.2 | 14.1 | |
| Long-term | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 194,281.2 | 198,684.4 | 5.3 | 6.0 | |
| Loans | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | |
| Debt Securities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 30,885.6 | 26,850.0 | 10.5 | 7.4 | |
| Others | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 163,395.6 | 171,834.4 | 4.4 | 5.8 | |
| Other Sector | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 767,460.2 | 754,517.8 | 5.8 | 8.3 | |
| Short-term | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 421,908.1 | 404,926.6 | 2.7 | 4.5 | |
| Trade Credits and Advances | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 191,871.8 | 184,399.4 | -0.8 | -1.5 | |
| Loans | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 168,492.1 | 163,910.3 | 5.4 | 11.9 | |
| Debt Securities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 46,444.8 | 40,876.3 | 5.6 | -1.3 | |
| Others | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 15,099.4 | 15,740.6 | 10.7 | 27.4 | |
| Long-term | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 345,552.1 | 349,591.2 | 9.9 | 13.0 | |
| Loans | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 71,665.5 | 80,204.1 | -2.3 | 18.9 | |
| Debt Securities | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 237,256.7 | 233,218.1 | 15.6 | 11.8 | |
| Others | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 36,629.9 | 36,169.0 | 2.0 | 8.4 | |
| Gross External Debt | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 3,175,341.0 | 3,093,588.8 | 4.0 | 4.8 | |
| General Government Gross External Debt | |||||||
| General government gross external debt owed to official bilateral creditors, and the amounts, by country, owed to the five largest (in terms of shares in total bilateral debt) official creditors (S$m) | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | DOS, AGD, MAS |
| General government gross external debt owed to multilateral creditors, and the amounts, by institution, owed to the five largest (in terms of shares in total multilateral debt) multilateral creditors (S$m) | S$m | 4Q 2025 | 0.0 | 0.0 | na | na | DOS, AGD, MAS |
| Exchange Rate S$ per US$ (as at end-month) | S$ per US$ | Mar/26 | 1.2913 | 1.2636 | -3.7 | -6.3 | MAS |
Detailed Statistical Time Series
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