Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables

The Singapore Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables are made up of the Supply and Use Tables (SUTs) and the Input-Output Tables (IOTs). The SUTs provide detailed information on production activities of an economy by recording transactions between producers and consumers in the economic system. The SUTs form the basis for the IOTs, which provide an integrated and comprehensive framework for economic modelling and impact studies when supplemented with relevant information.

Together, they offer a detailed view of the intricate relationships among various economic sectors and serve multiple purposes including the derivation and reconciliation of key national accounts aggregates, cross-validating data from various sources, impact studies, policy formulation and evaluation.

The compilation of the Singapore SU-IOTs follows the concepts and principles recommended in the United Nations (UN) System of National Accounts 2008 (2008 SNA) and Handbook on Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables with Extensions and Applications, as well as International Monetary Fund (IMF) Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual Sixth Edition (BPM 6). 

The SUTs serve as a framework to integrate various data sources to compile and reconcile the three approaches of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in National Accounts, namely production, expenditure and income. 

Multipliers and linkages are analytical tools used to understand how economic activity in one sector affects other sectors and the overall economy. Multipliers measure the total economic impact of an initial exogenous change in final demand as it ripples through the economy. Linkages describe the interconnections between different sectors of the economy, showing how dependent sectors are on each other for inputs and outputs.

The Singapore SU-IOTs are compiled at Input-Output (IO) industry/product codes. The industrial classification of IO codes is based on the Singapore Standard Industrial Classification (SSIC). The product classification of IO codes is guided by the ASEAN Harmonised Tariff Nomenclature (AHTN). The UN Central Product Classification Version 2.1 (CPC Ver. 2.1) is used as a reference framework to link the industrial and product classifications together and ensure consistency with international standards for production activities.

You may refer to the following correspondence tables:

• IO to SSIC codes
• IO to HS codes

SU-IOTs is also available by broad sectors. You may refer to the IO codes to Broad Sector Groups mapping.

Backward Linkages 

Backward Linkages show an industry’s dependence on the production by upstream industries. 

Compensation of Employees Multiplier

Compensation of Employees Multiplier represents the total remuneration paid by industries in the economy, in response to every 1,000 units of exogenous change in the final demand for an industry’s final output.

Direct Requirement Coefficients 

Direct Requirement Coefficients show the direct input requirements for every 1,000 units of an industry's output. 

Final Demand  

Final demand represents the total value of goods and services purchased by final users and includes key components such as household final consumption expenditure, government final consumption expenditure, gross capital formation, and exports. 

Forward Linkages 

Forward Linkages show an industry’s dependence on the purchases by downstream industries. 

Imports Multiplier

Imports Multiplier represents the total imports required by industries in the economy, in response to every 1,000 units of exogenous change in the final demand for an industry’s final output.

Input-Output Tables (IOTs) 

The IOTs provide an integrated and comprehensive framework for economic modelling and impact studies when supplemented with relevant information. 

Output Multiplier  

Output Multiplier represents the total output produced by industries in the economy in response to every 1,000 units of exogenous change in the final demand for an industry’s final output. 

Supply and Use Tables (SUTs) 

The SUTs provide detailed information on production activities of an economy by recording transactions between producers and consumers in an economic system. 

Value Added Multiplier  

Value Added Multiplier represents the total value added generated by industries in the economy, in response to every 1,000 units of exogenous change in the final demand for an industry’s final output.