Definitions

Data refer to the percentage of bloodstream infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Escherichia coli resistant to 3rd-generation cephalosporin (e.g., ESBL- E. coli) among patients seeking care and whose blood sample is taken and tested.
Refer to SDG global metadata for more information.

Concepts

Presumptive methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates are defined by oxacillin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and cefoxitin disc diffusion tests according to current internationally recognised clinical breakpoints (e.g., European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) or Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)).
E. coli isolates that are resistant are defined by current internationally recognised clinical breakpoints for third generation cephalosporins (e.g., EUCAST or CLSI), specifically ceftriaxone or cefotaxime or ceftazidime.
Refer to SDG global metadata for more information.

Computational Method

The WHO Global AMR Surveillance System (GLASS) supports countries to implement an Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) standardized surveillance system. Cases of AMR infection are found among patients from whom routine clinical samples have been collected for blood culture at surveillance sites (health care facility) according to local clinical practices, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests (AST) are performed for the isolated blood pathogens as per international standards. The microbiological results (bacteria identification and AST) are de-duplicated and combined with the patient data and related to population data from the surveillance sites. GLASS does collect information on the origin of the infection, either community origin (less than 2 calendar days in hospital) or hospital origin (patients hospitalized for more than 2 calendar days). Data are collated and validated at national level and reported to GLASS where epidemiological statistics and metrics are generated.
Refer to SDG global metadata for more information.

Disaggregation

Disaggregation is available by type of antimicrobial-resistant organisms (MRSA and E. coli resistant to 3rd-generation cephalosporin).

Data Source

World Health Organisation (WHO)

Data Collection

National AMR data are collected through the national AMR surveillance system and reported to GLASS.
Refer to SDG global metadata for more information.

Time Period

2019 onwards

Frequency

Annual

SDG Global Metadata

Link to United Nations SDG global metadata

Indicator 3.d.2