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Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y)  2/
National Accounts            
GDP at Current Market Prices S$m Q4/22 160,720.5 6.2 161,621.5 12.4
GDP in Chained (2015) Dollars S$m Q4/22 132,329.6 2.1 130,721.7 4.0
GDP at Current Market Prices S$m 2022  643,545.8 13.0 569,364.2 18.4
GDP in Chained (2015) Dollars S$m 2022 522,032.9 3.6 503,664.4 8.9
Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y)  2/
Per Capita GDP S$ 2022 114,165  9.4 104,402 23.5
Per Capita GNI S$ 2022 95,787  9.7 87,308  19.5
Gross Fixed Capital Formation at Current Prices S$m 2022 132,830.3 8.7 122,178.4 22.1
Public Sector S$m 2022  23,698.4 9.3 21,681.3 27.7
Private Sector S$m 2022 109,132.0 8.6 100,497.1 21.0
Gross National Saving S$m 2022 265,485.9 13.5  234,011.2 24.6 

Data are preliminary when first released.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  2/
Merchandise Trade
Total Trade at Current Prices S$m Feb-23 93,371.6 -3.7 93,969.2 -10.4
Total Exports at Current Prices S$m Feb-23 50,441.0 -3.0 49,563.2 -9.6

Domestic Exports

S$m Feb-23 22,301.7 -7.9 22,377.9 -9.5

Non-oil Domestic Exports

S$m Feb-23 13,035.6 -15.6 13,266.5 -25.0

Re-exports

S$m Feb-23 28,139.4 1.3 27,185.2 -9.7
Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  2/
Total Imports at Current Prices S$m Feb-23 42,930.6 -4.5 44,406.0 -11.2
Total Trade at Current Prices S$m 2022 1,365,402.5 17.7 1,159,963.0 19.7
Total Exports at Current Prices S$m 2022 709,966.6 15.6 614,081.1 19.1

Domestic Exports

S$m 2022 329,668.8 18.2 278,975.4 19.0

Non-oil Domestic Exports

S$m 2022 199,207.9 3.0 193,352.5 12.1

Re-exports

S$m 2022 380,297.8 13.5 335,105.7 19.2
Total Imports at Current Prices S$m 2022 655,435.9 20.1 545,881.9 20.4

Data are preliminary when first released.
1. Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2. Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.

Items
Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y)  2/
Services





Retail Sales Index at Current Prices (2017=100)
Jan-23
107.9
-0.8
120.6
7.7
Food & Beverage Services Index at Current Prices (2017=100)
Jan-23
113.4
21.8
114.9
13.9
Domestic Wholesale Trade Index at Current Prices (2017=100)
Q4/22
107.2
2.5
108.5
12.5
Foreign Wholesale Trade Index at Current Prices (2017=100)
Q4/22
161.8
8.7
168.9
30.2
Business Receipts Index (2014=100)
Q4/22
151.5
10.9
147.2
15.9

Data are preliminary when first released.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y)  2/
Manufacturing            
Industrial Production Index (2019=100)

Feb-23 106.8 -8.9 119.0 -3.1
Total Output 3/ 4/ 5/ S$m 2022 465,435 18.0 394,502 25.9
Value Added 4/ S$m  2022 134,520 16.6 115,341 29.7
Employment 4/ '000  2022 358.4 2.3 350.4 -5.3
Remuneration 4/ S$m 2022 24,434 6.1 23,030 3.7
Change in Unit Labour Cost of Manufacturing % 2022  76.7 9.6 70.0 0.4

Data are preliminary when first released.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.
3 Classified according to Singapore Standard Industrial Classification (SSIC) 2020.
4 Refers to all manufacturing establishments.
5 Includes manufacturing output and other operating income.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y) 1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y) 2/
Labour, Employment, Wages and Productivity            
Employment Level (quarterly) 3/ '000 Dec-22 3,893.6 6.9 3,845.4 7.1
Employment Change (quarterly) 3/ '000 Dec-22 48.1 na 83.4 na
Unemployment (seasonally adjusted) (quarterly) % of labour force Dec-22 2.0 na 2.1 na
Value Added per Worker Growth  % Q4/22 -4.9 na -2.3 na
Total Labour Force 4/ '000  2022 3,754.2 na 3,607.6 na
Resident Labour Force 5/ '000  2022  2,438.0 na 2,397.8 na
Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y) 1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y) 2/
Employed Persons 4/ '000  2022 3,656.2 na

3,483.5

na
Employed Residents 5/ '000  2022  2,350.4 na 2,286.5 na
Unemployment Rate (seasonally adjusted) 4/ % 2022 2.1 na 2.7 na
Resident Unemployment Rate (seasonally adjusted) 5/ % 2022 2.8 na 3.5 na
Labour Force Participation Rate 5/6/ % 2022 70.0 na 70.5 na
Males % 2022 77.0 na 77.2 na
Females % 2022 63.4 na 64.2 na
Annual Growth in Value Added per Worker % 2022 -1.1 na 10.8 na

Data are preliminary when first released.
na not available or not applicable.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.
3 Includes Migrant Domestic Workers.
4 Refers to total persons aged 15 years and over. Data are for mid-year.
5 Refers to Singapore residents (citizens and permanent residents) aged 15 years and over. Data are for mid-year.
6 Refers to % of Population aged 15 & over.

Item Legend Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y)  2/
Prices and Price Indices            
Consumer Price Index (2019 as Base Year) Feb-22 112.0 6.3 111.4 6.6
Consumer Price Index (2019 as Base Year) 2022 108.4 6.1 102.1 2.3
Domestic Supply Price Index (2018=100) Feb-23 110.4 -4.7 110.0 -1.5
Singapore Manufactured Products Price Index (2018=100) Feb-23 107.0 -0.9 106.9 0.9
Import Price Index (2018=100) Feb-23 108.8 -4.4 108.2 -1.7
Export Price Index (2018=100) Feb-23 107.3 -4.7 108.0 -2.9
Sea Freight Transport Price Index (2017=100)  Q4/22 171.4 -9.4 187.8 11.5
Warehousing and Storage Price Index (2021=100)  Q4/22 101.8 1.6 101.2 1.1
Cargo Handling Price Index (2021=100)  Q4/22 101.9 2.3 101.8 2.2
Freight Forwarding Price Index (2017=100)  Q4/22 157.1 -0.2 164.8 15.1
Telecommunications Services Price Index (2021=100)  Q4/22 102.6 3.2 100.7 0.7
Computer Consultancy and Information Services Price Index (2021=100)  Q4/22 102.5 1.8 103.2 2.9
Accounting Services Price Index (2017=100)  Q4/22 107.8 -2.5 108.0 -3.0

Data are preliminary when first released.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  2/
Tourism            
Visitor Arrivals (excluding Malaysian arrivals by land) '000 2022 6,305.6 1,810.5 330.1 -88.0
Hotel Occupancy Rate 3/ % 2022 75.8 18.9 56.9 -0.4
Available Room Nights 4/ '000  2022 17,119.9 62.0 10,568.3 -24.1

Data are preliminary when first released.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.
3 Data under the column for '% change (y-o-y)' refer to percentage point change.
4 Refers to room-nights available for occupancy. Excludes rooms closed for renovations and staff use as declared by the hotels in the statutory forms.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  2/
InfoComm and Media            
International Telephone Call Minutes  Million 2022 3,934.8 -61.8 10,249.2 -24.0
Total SMS Messages Million 2022 6,232.4 2.2 6,098.1 -0.4
Mobile Population Penetration Rate  % 2022 165.9 na 158.8 na

Data are preliminary when first released.
na not available or not applicable.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  2/
Transport            
Air Cargo Handled 3/ '000 Tonnes  2022 1,853.0 -4.8 1,946.7 -26.1
Aircraft Landings   Number 2022 109,246 100.9 54,387 -13.3
Sea Cargo Handled '000 Tonnes 2022 577,732 -3.7 599,642.7 1.5
Arrival of Vessels of Over 75 GT 4/ Number 2022 100,807 15.6 87,233 -9.9
Arrival of Vessels of Over 75 GT 4/ '000 GT 2022 2,828,364 0.5 2,813,767 -3.1
Container Throughput '000  TEUs  5/ 2022 37,289.6 -0.7 37,571.2 1.7

Data are preliminary when first released.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.
3 Refers to changi airport only.
4 Includes all sea-going vessels & regional ferries above 75 gt.
5 Refers to twenty-foot equivalent units.

Item Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y)  2/
Government Finance            
Cash surplus/deficit 3/ S$m Feb-23 4,113.9 -24.4 2,369.6 1,480.8
Net cash inflow from operating activities S$m Feb-23 3,782.1 -22.4 2,589.3 7,606.2
Cash receipts from operating activities S$m Feb-23 10,724.2 -4.4 8,627.5 6.7
Cash payments for operating activities S$m Feb-23 6,942.1 9.4 6,038.2 -25.0
Net cash outflow from investments in nonfinancial assets S$m Feb-23 -331.8 -41.5 219.7 -288.9
Purchases of nonfinancial assets S$m Feb-23 549.4 8.7 740.6 35.6
Sales of nonfinancial assets S$m Feb-23 881.2 -17.9 520.9 -21.4
Net cash inflow from financing activities 4/ S$m Feb-23 -6,371.4 -178.3 8,380.3 -10.1
Net incurrence of liabilities S$m Feb-23 -6,340.8 -180.0 8,468.3 -9.3
Domestic S$m Feb-23 -6,340.8 -180.0 8,468.3 -9.3
Foreign S$m Feb-23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Net acquisition of financial assets other than cash S$m Feb-23 30.6 -114.4 88.0 645.8
Domestic excluding cash S$m Feb-23 30.6 -114.4 88.0 645.8
Foreign excluding cash S$m Feb-23 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
             
Item Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y)  2/
Government Debt            
Central Government Debt 12/ S$m Q4/22 1,079,757.7 38.8 1,066,134.7 39.5
External Debt S$m Q4/22 0.0 na 0.0 na
Domestic Debt S$m Q4/22 1,079,757.7 38.8 1,066,134.7 39.5
Issued for Non-Spending Purposes S$m Q4/22 1,072,857.7 38.4 1,061,134.8 38.8
Issued for Spending Purposes S$m Q4/22 6,900.0 165.4 5,000.0 na
Domestic Debt (Excluding Advance Deposits) S$m Q4/22 1,066,518.0 39.8 1,056,056.0 40.0
1 year maturity or less S$m Q4/22
111,168.9 9.9 112,464.4 5.2
More than 1 year maturity S$m Q4/22 955,349.1 44.4 943,591.6 45.7
             
Item Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y)  2/
Overall Fiscal Position 5/            
Operating Revenue 6/ S$m FY 2022 90,278.4 9.4 82,486.5 22.4
Total Expenditure S$m FY 2022 106,947.7 12.8 94,796.2 9.8
Operating Expenditure 7/ S$m FY 2022 86,318.9 9.9 78,542.9 7.7
Development Expenditure 8/ S$m FY 2022 20,628.9 26.9 16,253.4 21.0
Primary Surplus/Deficit S$m FY 2022 -16,669.3 35.4 -12,309.6 -35.2
Special Transfers 9/ S$m FY 2022 9,162.8 34.2 6,828.3 -86.6
Special Transfers Excluding Top-ups to Endowment and Trust Funds  S$m FY 2022 2,912.8 -57.3 6,828.3 -79.6 
Basic Surplus/Deficit 10/ S$m FY 2022 -19,582.1 2.3 -19,138.0 -63.5
Top-ups to Endowment and Trust Funds S$m FY 2022 6,250.0 na - na
Net Investment Returns Contribution 11/ S$m FY 2022 21,610.8 6.1 20,364.9 11.6
Overall Budget Surplus/Deficit S$m FY 2022 -4,221.3 -444.0 1,227.0 -102.4
Capitalisation of Nationally Significant Infrastructure S$m FY 2022 2,278.4 248.6 653.5 na
Depreciation of Nationally Significant Infrastructure S$m FY 2022 - - - -
SINGA Interest Costs and Loan Expenses 12/ S$m FY 2022 93.2 na - na
Overall Fiscal Position S$m FY 2022 -2,036.0 -208.3 1,880.4 -103.6

Data are preliminary when first released.
na not available or not applicable.  - nil or negligible
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.
3 Does not reflect the fiscal position of the current term of government, as it takes into account land sales and capital receipts (which accrue primarily to past reserves) in addition to taxes and other revenues, as well as land-related expenditure.
4 Reflects the net issuance of Government securities and lending minus repayments.
5 Refers to the Government's financial year, which begins on 1 April of the current year and ends on 31 March of the following year. Data for FY2022 are revised estimates. Figures may not add up due to rounding.
6 Excludes the repayment of loans and advances, interest income, investment income and capital receipts.
7 Refers to expenditure on manpower, other operating expenditure (excluding expenses on investment and agency fees on land sales), operating grants and transfers.
8 Excludes loans to statutory boards, industrial and commercial enterprises and land-related expenditure.
9 Refers to discretionary transfers made by the Government and these include one-off direct transfers to businesses and households, as well as top-ups to endowment and trust funds created by the Government for specific expenditure objectives.
10 Refers to before Top-ups to Endowment and Trust Funds, Net Investment Returns Contribution, Capitalisation and Depreciation of Nationally Significant Infrastructure and SINGA Interest Costs and Loan Expenses.
11 Net Investment Returns Contribution is the sum of: (1) up to 50% of the expected long-term real return on the relevant assets specified in the Constitution; and (2) up to 50% of the net investment income on the remaining assets.
12 SINGA Interest Costs and Loan Expenses include the annual effective interest costs (which is computed based on the yield to maturity multiplied by the face value of the bond) and other ancillary loan expenses incurred in connection with the SINGA. It excludes principal repayment and transfer of loan discount to Development Fund. It is different from the Debt Servicing and Related Costs presented in the Expenditure Estimates and Annex to Expenditure Estimates for Head Y. In FY2021, SINGA Interest Costs and Loan Expenses was positioned above the Overall Budget Surplus/Deficit in the Fiscal Position Table. It has been shifted below the Overall Budget Surplus/Deficit together with the other items that are also associated with the SINGA.
13 There are two key categories of domestic debt instruments.  The first category of domestic debt instruments are issued under the Government Securities (Debt Market and Investment) Act for non-spending purposes.  Borrowing proceeds raised under this Act are invested and cannot be spent.  The debt instruments under this Act are issued for specific purposes including:

-   Publicly held domestic debt instruments comprising: (a) Singapore Government Securities (Market Development) and Treasury Bills, which are issued to develop Singapore's debt markets; (b) Cash Management Treasury Bills, which are issued on an ad-hoc basis as a contingency cash management tool to manage the Government's short-term cashflow mismatches; and (c) Singapore Savings Bonds, which are issued to provide individual investors with a long-term savings option.

-  Non-publicly held domestic debt instruments comprising: (a) Special Singapore Government Securities, which are primarily issued to meet the investment needs of the Central Provident Fund; and (b) Reserves Management Government Securities, which are only issued to the MAS to facilitate existing practice of transferring Official Foreign Reserves above what MAS requires to the Government for longer-term investment.

The second category of domestic debt instrument are issued under the Significant Infrastructure Government Loan Act for spending purposes.  These comprise Singapore Government Securities (Infrastructure) and Green Singapore Government Securities (Infrastructure), which are publicly held.  Borrowing proceeds raised under this Act are used to finance spending on nationally significant infrastructure.  For Green Singapore Government Securities (Infrastructure), borrowing proceeds raised are used to finance nationally significant infrastructure that qualify as eligible green expenditures under the Singapore Green Bond Framework.

 

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y)  2/
Finance and Insurance            
Money Supply (M1) 3/ 4/ S$m Feb-23 247,795.7 -14.1 250,174.9 -12.8
Money Supply (M2) 3/ 4/ S$m Feb-23 755,742.9 2.5 747,442.9 1.8
Singapore Overnight Rate Average % p.a Feb-23 3.45 3.12 3.87 3.46
3-month S$ SIBOR % p.a Feb-23 4.19 3.60 4.25 3.81
12-week MAS Bill Rate % p.a Feb-23 4.05 3.44 4.14 3.70
5-year Govt Bond Interest Rate % p.a Feb-23 3.37 1.68 2.85 1.28
Exchange Rate S$ per US$ (as at end-month) S$ per US$ Feb-23 1.3480 -0.9 1.3142 -3.1
Official Foreign Reserves at end of year S$m 2022 388,256.1 -31.1 563,338.8 17.6
Exchange Rate S$ per US$ (as at end of period) S$ per US$ 2022  1.3446 -0.5 1.3517 2.2
Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y)  2/
Commercial Banks





Local 5/ 6/ Number 2022 4 na 4 na
Foreign 5/ Number 2022 127 na 127 na

Data are preliminary when first released.
na not available or not applicable.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.
3 Data have been revised from Jul 2021 following changes to the MAS Notice 610.
4 Data prior to Jul 2021 on a comparable basis with the Jul 2021 data are not available.
5 At end of period.
6 All local banks are full banks.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y‑o‑Y) 1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y) 2/
Balance of Payments            
Balance of Payments S$m Q4/22 -10,716.2 na -26,442.0 na
Current Account Balance S$m Q4/22 23,522.3 na 32,729.3 na

Exports of Goods and Services

S$m Q4/22 286,401.3 0.4 314,339.1 18.7

Imports of Goods and Services

S$m Q4/22 232,614.8 1.4 253,069.5 19.4

Primary Income Balance

S$m Q4/22 -28,892.9 na -27,299.5 na

Secondary Income Balance

S$m Q4/22 -1,371.3 na -1,240.8 na
Capital and Financial Account Balance 3/ S$m Q4/22 33,501.1 na 60,740.2 na
Reserve Assets S$m Q4/22 -10,716.2 na -26,442.0 na
Official Foreign Reserves US$m Feb-23 294,085.1 -31.1 291,699.1 -30.3

Data are preliminary when first released.
na not available or not applicable
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.
3 Decrease in assets and liabilities, and net inflows in net balances, are indicated by a minus [-] sign).

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  2/
Direct Investment Abroad            
Singapore's Direct Investment Abroad S$m 2021 1,251,346.7 8.8 1,150,053.6 10.4

Data are preliminary when first released.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  2/
Foreign Direct Investment            
Foreign Direct Investment in Singapore S$m 2021 2,478,992.2 15.5 2,146,537.0 12.0

Data are preliminary when first released.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y‑o‑Y) 1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y) 2/
Investment Commitments            
Investment Commitments in Manufacturing & Services (Fixed Assets Investments) S$m 2022 22,489.8 na 11,795.8 na
Foreign Investments S$m 2022 20,515.3 na 11,060.0 na

Data are preliminary when first released.
na not available or not applicable.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y‑o‑Y) 1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y) 2/
Trade in Services            
Singapore's Total Trade in Services S$b 2022 758.1 10.8 684.3 16.5
Singapore's Export of Services S$b 2022 401.5 12.1 358.1 21.2
Singapore's Import of Services S$b
2022 356.5 9.3 326.2 11.6

Data are preliminary when first released.
na not available or not applicable.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.

Items Legend Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y‑o‑Y) 1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y) 2/
Corporate Sector            
Total Assets S$b 2020 10,943.1 8.9 10,046.7 9.4
Total Equity S$b 2020 4,341.2 13.3 3,830.5 8.0

Data are preliminary when first released.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y) 1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y) 2/
Population and Population Structure
(Mid-Year Estimates)
           
Total Population 3/ '000 2022 5,637.0 3.4 5,453.6 -4.1
Singapore Residents 3/ '000 2022 4,073.2 2.2 3,986.8 -1.4
Singapore Citizens '000 2022 3,553.7 1.6 3,498.2 -0.7
Singapore Permanent Residents '000 2022 519.5 6.3 488.7 -6.2
Population Density Per Sq Km 2022 7,688 na 7,485 na
Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y) 1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y) 2/
Age Structure 4/            
Below 20 years '000 2022 788.6 0.8 782.1 -2.7
20-64 Years '000 2022 2,606.5 1.6 2,565.7 -2.3
65 years & Over '000 2022 678.1 6.1 639.0 4.0
Median Age 4/ Years
2022 42.1 na 41.8 na
Old Age Support Ratio 4/ Number of Residents Aged 20-64
per Resident Aged 65 Years & Over
2022 3.8 na 4.0 na
Sex Ratio 4/  Males per 1,000 Females 2022 955 na 960 na

na not available or not applicable.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.
3 Total population comprises Singapore residents and non-residents. The resident population comprises Singapore citizens and permanent residents
4 Refers to the resident population.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y)  2/
Environment            
Land Area 
(As At June)
Sq Km 2022 733.2 0.6 728.6 0.1
Land Area 
(As At December)
Sq Km 2022 734.3 0.2 733.1 0.7

Data are preliminary when first released.
na not available or not applicable.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  2/
Birth and Fertility            
Total Live-Births Number 2022 35,724 -7.6 38,672 0.2
Resident Crude Birth Rate Per 1,000
Residents
2022 8.0 na 8.6 na
Resident Total Fertility Rate Per Female 2022 1.05 na 1.12 na

Data are preliminary when first released.
na not available or not applicable.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y)  2/
Death and Life Expectancy            
Total Deaths Number 2022 26,829 10.4 24,292 10.1
Crude Death Rate 3/

Per 1,000
Residents

2022 6.3 na 5.8 na
Age-Standardised Death Rate 3/ 4/

Per 1,000
Residents

2022 5.9 na 5.6 na
Infant Mortality Rate 3/

Per 1,000
Live-births

2022 1.8  na 1.8 na
Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y)  2/
Life Expectancy at Birth 3/ 5/ Years  2021  83.5  na 83.7 na
Males Years  2021  81.1   na 81.3 na
Females Years  2021  85.9  na 85.9 na
Life Expectancy at Age 65 3/ 5/ Years  2021  21.2 na 21.3 na
Males Years  2021  19.3  na 19.5 na
Females Years  2021  23.0  na 23.0 na

Data are preliminary when first released.
na not available or not applicable.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.
3 Refers to the resident population.
4 The Singapore resident population as at June 2020 is used as the standard population which is chosen to fix the age structure to eliminate its effect on mortality trends.
5 Life expectancy in 2020-2021 have been affected by higher mortality rates due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It may not be representative of the number of years that individuals can expect to live if mortality rates were to return to pre-pandemic levels.

 

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y)  2/
Marital Status, Marriages and Divorces            
 Marital Status (among residents aged 15 years over)            

 Single

% 2022 28.6  na 31.3 na

 Married

 % 2022 61.8  na 60.0 na

 Widowed

 % 2022 4.9  na 4.6 na

 Divorced/Separated

 % 2022 4.7  na 4.1 na
 Number of Marriages Number 2021  28,329 25.1 22,651 -10.9
 Number of Divorces & Annulments Number 2021  7,890 13.4 6,959 -8.7
General Marriage Rate 3/
Males Per 1,000 Unmarried Resident
Males Aged 15-49 Years
2021 45.3 na 35.7 na
Females Per 1,000 Unmarried Resident
Females Aged 15-49 Years
2021 44.2 na 34.9 na
General Divorce Rate 3/            
Males Per 1,000 Married Resident
Males Aged 20 Years & Over
2021 7.2 na 6.3  na
Females Per 1,000 Married Resident
Females Aged 20 Years & Over
2021 6.9 na 6.1  na

na not available or not applicable
1. Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2. Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.
3. Refers to the resident population.

Item Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y‑o‑Y) 1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y) 2/
Education, Language Spoken and Literacy 3/            

% with Post-Secondary Qualifications (among residents aged 25 years & over) 4/

% 2022 63.1 na 61.8 na
Males % 2022 66.4 na 65.6 na
Females % 2022 60.1 na 58.4 na
Item Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y‑o‑Y) 1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y) 2/

Mean Years of Schooling (among residents aged 25 years & over) 4/

Years
2022  11.7  na 11.6  na
Males Years
2022  12.1  na 12.0  na
Females Years
2022  11.3  na 11.3  na
Annual Output - University Graduates 5/ Number  2021 19,761 -0.3 19,818 3.4
Annual Output - Polytechnic Graduates 6/ Number
2021 25,433 2.5 24,822 4.3

na not available or not applicable
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.
3 Refers to the resident population.
4 Refers to residents who were not attending educational institutions as full-time students and include those who were upgrading their qualifications through part-time courses.
5 Refers to graduates from university first degree courses from National University of Singapore (NUS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore Management University (SMU), Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT) and Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD).
6 Refers to graduates from polytechnic diploma courses from Singapore Polytechnic, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Temasek Polytechnic, Nanyang Polytechnic, Republic Polytechnic, and National Institute of Early Childhood Development.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y?o?Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y?o?Y)  2/
Health            
Doctors Per 10,000 Population 2021 28 na 26 na

Data are preliminary when first released.
na not available or not applicable.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y)  2/
Public Safety            
Physical Crime Rate 3/ Per 100,000 Population 2022 358 na na na
Scams & Cybercrimes Rate Per 100,000 Population 2022 597 na na na

Data are preliminary when first released.
na not available or not applicable.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.
3 With effect from year 2022, crime statistics from Singapore Police Force are reported under the categories 'Physical Crimes' and 'Scams & Cybercrimes', instead of 'Overall Crime'.
Due to change in crime reporting from year 2023, crime statistics are not comparable to the data prior to year 2022. Thus, percentage change with previous years are not applicable.

Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y)  2/
Households            
Number of Resident Households3/ '000 2022 1,399.6 0.6 1,390.6 1.3
Average Household Size of Resident Households 4/ Persons 2022 3.09 na 3.15 na
Proportion of Owner-Occupied Resident Households 5/ % 2022 89.3 na 88.9 na
Items Unit Latest Period Latest Data % Change
(Y-o-Y)  1/
Previous
Period Data
% Change
(Y-o-Y)  2/
Resident Households by Type of Dwelling
Total 6/ % 2022 100.0 na 100.0 na
Total HDB Dwellings % 2022 77.9 na 78.3 na
HDB 1- & 2-Room Flats 7/ % 2022 6.7 na 6.6 na
HDB 3-Room Flats % 2022 17.2 na 17.5 na
HDB 4-Room Flats % 2022 31.4 na 31.5 na
HDB 5-Room & Executive Flats % 2022 22.6 na 22.7 na
Condominiums & Other Apartments % 2022 17.0 na 16.5 na
Landed Properties % 2022 4.9 na 4.9 na

na not available or not applicable.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.
3 Refers to households where the household reference person is a Singapore citizen or permanent resident.
4 Household size refers to the total number of members in the household, including domestic workers.
5 Refers to the proportion of households where the household reference person and/or any other member(s) in the household owns the dwelling unit.
6 'Total' includes other types of dwelling not shown, e.g. non-HDB shophouses etc.
7 Includes HDB studio apartments.