Births and Fertility

Crude Birth Rate

Crude birth rate (CBR) refers to the number of live-births to the population in the year per thousand population. 

Gross Reproduction Rate

Gross reproduction rate refers to the average number of daughters a woman would have over her lifetime, under the assumptions that (i) she experiences the age-specific fertility rates prevailing during the reference period and (ii) she survives to the end of her childbearing years. 

Live-Births

Data refer to all live births occurring within Singapore and its territorial waters as registered under the prevailing Registration of Births and Deaths Act in force at the material time. 

Maternal Mortality Ratio

Maternal mortality ratio refers to the number of maternal deaths per hundred thousand live births. Maternal mortality refers to deaths of mothers owing to deliveries and complications arising from pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. 

Net Reproduction Rate

Net reproduction rate (NRR) is a refinement of the Gross reproduction rate (GRR), and is a measure of replacement of population. It refers to the average number of daughters a woman would have over her lifetime, under the assumptions that she experiences (i) the age-specific fertility rate and (ii) the age-specific mortality rate prevailing during the reference period.

To achieve population replacement, the NRR should be at least 1.0. This means that on average, each woman gives birth to at least one daughter who survives to reproductive age, ensuring that the female population is replaced from one generation to the next. 

Number of Children Born

Number of children born refers to all live-born children each woman aged 15 years and over has ever given birth to. It includes those children who are currently staying with her, those who have set up their own homes and those who are no longer living. 

Perinatal Mortality Rate

Perinatal mortality rate refers to the number of perinatal deaths per thousand live-births and still-births. Perinatal deaths refers to still-births and deaths of persons under 7 days of age.  

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Total fertility rate refers to the average number of live-births each female would have during her reproductive years if she were subject to the prevailing age-specific fertility rates in the population in the given year.