Death and Life Expectancy

Age-Specific Death Rate

Age-Specific Death Rate refers to the number of deaths per thousand population for a specific age group. 

Age-Standardised Death Rate

The Age-standardised Death Rate (ADR) is a summary indicator of mortality that removes the effects of variations in the age structure of the population over time. ADR is derived by multiplying the age-specific death rates of the reference population by the proportion of the corresponding age group out of a 'standard' population. 

Crude Death Rate

Crude death rate (CDR) refers to the number of deaths per thousand population. 

Deaths

All deaths occurring within Singapore and its territorial waters as registered under the prevailing Registration of Births and Deaths Act in force at the material time, and are compiled based on date of registration. 

Infant Mortality Rate

Infant mortality rate refers to the number of death of persons under one year of age per thousand live-births.

Life Expectancy

Life expectancy is the average number of additional years a person at a specific age (such as at birth or age 65 years) could expect to live, if he or she were to experience the age-specific mortality rates of the reference period throughout his/her life. For example, a new-born with a life expectancy at birth of 80 years could expect to live to the age of 80 years. A 65-year-old with a life expectancy at age 65 years of 12 years could expect to live an additional 12 years. Life expectancy does not account for future changes in mortality. While it provides an indication of the average longevity of the population, it does not necessarily reflect the longevity of an individual. 

Maternal Mortality Ratio

Maternal mortality ratio refers to the number of maternal deaths per hundred thousand live births. Maternal mortality refers to deaths of mothers owing to deliveries and complications arising from pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. 

Neonatal Mortality Rate

Neonatal mortality rate refers to the number of neonatal deaths per thousand live-births. Neonatal deaths refers to deaths of persons under 28 days of age. 

Perinatal Mortality Rate

Perinatal mortality rate refers to the number of perinatal deaths per thousand live-births and still-births. Perinatal deaths refers to still-births and deaths of persons under 7 days of age.

Under-5 Mortality Rate

Under-5 mortality rate refers to the probability of a new-born in a specified reference period dying before reaching the age of 5, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of that reference period. This indicator is derived from a life table and expressed as the number of deaths per thousand live-births.