The Balance of Payments (BOP) is a statement that summarises the economic transactions between residents of an economy and non-residents. These transactions occur during a specific time period. The BOP consists of the current account, and the capital and financial account. The former covers cross-border transactions in goods and services, as well as income flows and transfers while the latter records capital and financial flows. The BOP is used to assess the external performance of an economy and to formulate policies associated with it.
Singapore’s BOP estimates are compiled in accordance with the principles and recommendations set out in the International Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual. The structure and classification of Singapore’s BOP accounts follow the sixth edition of the manual.
Studies to improve the BOP estimates are continual and the estimates are revised as and when appropriate.
The BOP estimates are compiled mainly from trade statistics, regular surveys of companies and administrative records of government departments and statutory authorities.
Data
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Key Indicators
| Items |
Unit |
Latest Period |
Latest Data |
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y) 1/ |
Previous
Period Data |
% Change
(Y‑o‑Y) 2/ |
| Balance of Payments |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Balance of Payments |
S$m |
Q2/23 |
25,106.1 |
na |
31,312.9 |
na |
| Current Account Balance |
S$m |
Q2/23 |
31,024.5 |
na |
30,559.6 |
na |
|
Exports of Goods and Services
|
S$m |
Q2/23 |
280,145.1 |
-10.9 |
275,134.4 |
-3.6 |
|
Imports of Goods and Services
|
S$m |
Q2/23 |
217,029.4 |
-13.5 |
223,189.4 |
-3.3 |
|
Primary Income Balance
|
S$m |
Q2/23 |
-30,190.5 |
na |
-19,850.6 |
na |
|
Secondary Income Balance
|
S$m |
Q2/23 |
-1,900.7 |
na |
-1,534.8 |
na |
| Capital and Financial Account Balance 3/ |
S$m |
Q2/23 |
5,693.1 |
na |
-1,708.2 |
na |
| Reserve Assets |
S$m |
Q2/23 |
25,106.1 |
na |
31,312.9 |
na |
| Official Foreign Reserves |
US$m |
Aug-23 |
337,251.5 |
16.5 |
340,793.3 |
18.2 |
Data are preliminary when first released.
na not available or not applicable
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.
3 Decrease in assets and liabilities, and net inflows in net balances, are indicated by a minus [-] sign).
Balance of Payments
Title : Singapore's Balance Of Payments, (BPM6 Format), Annual
Million Dollars
|
Data Items
|
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
|
D Overall Balance (A-B+C)
|
1,500.7 |
-2,455.3 |
37,841.2 |
16,924.5 |
-11,442.8 |
103,316.5 |
88,907.2 |
-157,431.5 |
|
A Current Account Balance
|
79,154.5 |
78,332.9 |
85,979.4 |
79,893 |
83,045.6 |
79,080.6 |
102,607.5 |
124,410 |
|
Goods Balance
|
127,267.9 |
124,176.9 |
139,375.1 |
140,869.4 |
133,452.4 |
146,825.9 |
168,939.7 |
188,236.8 |
|
Exports Of Goods
|
544,736.4 |
515,578.5 |
576,031.2 |
621,662.3 |
602,840.4 |
579,410.1 |
691,271.1 |
799,006.8 |
|
Imports Of Goods
|
417,468.5 |
391,401.6 |
436,656.1 |
480,792.9 |
469,388 |
432,584.2 |
522,331.4 |
610,770 |
|
Services Balance
|
-11,676.9 |
-8,666.1 |
-13,037.1 |
9,108 |
18,121.9 |
3,166 |
31,847.9 |
45,001.2 |
|
Exports Of Services
|
210,622.7 |
210,221.1 |
237,243.6 |
279,876.3 |
299,830.9 |
295,393.1 |
358,080.9 |
401,544.4 |
|
Imports Of Services
|
222,299.6 |
218,887.2 |
250,280.7 |
270,768.3 |
281,709 |
292,227.1 |
326,233 |
356,543.2 |
|
Primary Income Balance
|
-28,892.8 |
-26,906.8 |
-32,983.4 |
-62,329.5 |
-58,778.3 |
-65,167.9 |
-93,225.7 |
-103,590.5 |
|
Primary Income Receipts
|
98,544.7 |
108,146.7 |
139,887.7 |
146,369.7 |
152,186.7 |
149,021.1 |
196,438 |
216,540.9 |
|
Primary Income Payments
|
127,437.5 |
135,053.5 |
172,871.1 |
208,699.2 |
210,965 |
214,189 |
289,663.7 |
320,131.4 |
|
Secondary Income Balance
|
-7,543.7 |
-10,271.1 |
-7,375.2 |
-7,754.9 |
-9,750.4 |
-5,743.4 |
-4,954.4 |
-5,237.5 |
|
Secondary Income Receipts
|
13,549.1 |
15,013.7 |
14,356.6 |
24,389.9 |
24,897.8 |
27,973.4 |
27,669.6 |
28,921.6 |
|
Secondary Income Payments
|
21,092.8 |
25,284.8 |
21,731.8 |
32,144.8 |
34,648.2 |
33,716.8 |
32,624 |
34,159.1 |
|
B Capital & Financial Account Balance *
The capital account is consolidated under the financial account. Decrease in assets and liabilities, and net inflows in net balances, are indicated by a minus (-) sign.
|
72,054.7 |
81,071.8 |
45,566 |
62,548.1 |
98,148.8 |
-24,181.7 |
11,417.1 |
279,380 |
|
Financial Account (Net)
|
72,054.7 |
81,071.8 |
45,566 |
62,548.1 |
98,148.8 |
-24,181.7 |
11,417.1 |
279,380 |
|
Direct Investment
|
-33,753.8 |
-35,728.4 |
-51,012.9 |
-78,704.7 |
-53,463.6 |
-55,265.6 |
-117,880.1 |
-124,156.8 |
|
Assets
|
62,174 |
54,573.6 |
90,062.1 |
30,768.5 |
90,172.9 |
52,971.8 |
68,251.7 |
70,020.2 |
|
Liabilities
|
95,927.8 |
90,302 |
141,075 |
109,473.2 |
143,636.5 |
108,237.4 |
186,131.8 |
194,177 |
|
Portfolio Investment
|
84,760.1 |
20,017.3 |
27,485.6 |
71,548.2 |
148,152.9 |
83,493.1 |
81,058.7 |
95,413.4 |
|
Assets
|
76,187 |
35,858.8 |
62,926.6 |
52,562.3 |
155,604.4 |
78,132.8 |
106,609.5 |
125,033.2 |
|
Liabilities
|
-8,573.1 |
15,841.5 |
35,441 |
-18,985.9 |
7,451.5 |
-5,360.3 |
25,550.8 |
29,619.8 |
|
Financial Derivatives
|
-7,582.7 |
16,699.9 |
11,357 |
28,111.6 |
9,126.6 |
-3,938.5 |
-1,633.6 |
3,123.6 |
|
Assets
|
-11,227.7 |
9,190.9 |
-1,463.5 |
7,077.3 |
15,005.7 |
22,298.9 |
1,016.8 |
14,160 |
|
Liabilities
|
-3,645 |
-7,509 |
-12,820.5 |
-21,034.3 |
5,879.1 |
26,237.4 |
2,650.4 |
11,036.4 |
|
Other Investment
|
28,631.1 |
80,083 |
57,736.3 |
41,593 |
-5,667.1 |
-48,470.7 |
49,872.1 |
304,999.8 |
|
Assets
|
36,516.1 |
119,588 |
103,402.1 |
142,931.3 |
64,813.2 |
84,520.5 |
147,567.7 |
290,961.6 |
|
Liabilities
|
7,885 |
39,505 |
45,665.8 |
101,338.3 |
70,480.3 |
132,991.2 |
97,695.6 |
-14,038.2 |
|
C Net Errors & Omissions
|
-5,599.1 |
283.6 |
-2,572.2 |
-420.4 |
3,660.4 |
54.2 |
-2,283.2 |
-2,461.5 |
|
E Reserve Assets
|
1,500.7 |
-2,455.3 |
37,841.2 |
16,924.5 |
-11,442.8 |
103,316.5 |
88,907.2 |
-157,431.5 |
SOURCE : SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS
Footnotes
For more information on balance of payments methodologies, please visit Singstat website (www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/economy/balance-of-payments/publications-and-methodology) to view and download related publications.
Visualising Data
View and explore data with the latest visualisations:
Balance of Payments Dashboard
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The international investment position (IIP) is a statistical statement that shows, at a point in time, the value and composition of cross border financial assets and liabilities of residents of an economy. The net IIP is the difference between its external financial assets and its liabilities. In addition, the sum of the net IIP with the value of non-financial assets reflects the net worth of an economy.
The IIP is related to the financial account of the balance of payments. While the financial account shows net acquisition and disposal of financial assets and liabilities during a period, the IIP records the stock of financial assets and liabilities at a specific point in time. Due to this relationship, both the IIP and financial account of the balance of payments use functional categories as the highest level of classification. These functional categories are direct investment, portfolio investment, financial derivatives, other investment, and reserve assets.
Singapore’s IIP estimates are compiled based on the principles recommended in the International Monetary Fund’s Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth edition
Data
Please click on the topic to view the available data tables.
View latest data:
Key Indicators
| SDDS Data Category and Component |
Unit Description |
Observations |
% change |
Data Source/
Links to Data |
| In Latest data |
in Latest-1 data |
| Date of Latest |
Latest data |
Latest-1 data |
(over same period in previous year) |
| External Sector |
|
International Investment Position
#/
|
DOS
|
|
Singapore External Assets
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
7,154,483.8
|
7,001,064.7
|
1.7
|
-0.1
|
|
|
*Direct Investment
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
2,214,987.5
|
2,178,030.6
|
6.9
|
7.2
|
|
|
*Portfolio Investment
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
2,268,254.7
|
2,258,681.9
|
-1.9
|
-2.2
|
|
|
Equity and Investment Fund Shares
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
1,337,813.4
|
1,306,429.6
|
1.3
|
-2.4
|
|
|
Debt Securities
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
930,441.3
|
952,252.3
|
-6.1
|
-2.1
|
|
|
*Financial Derivatives
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
311,818.2
|
268,578.8
|
15.8
|
19.6
|
|
|
*Other Investment
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
1,911,177.0
|
1,879,758.7
|
-1.6
|
-2.5
|
|
|
*Reserve Assets 1/
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
448,246.4
|
416,014.7
|
2.4
|
-19.0
|
|
|
Singapore External Liabilities
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
6,032,610.5
|
5,873,596.7
|
3.6
|
2.4
|
|
|
*Direct Investment
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
3,286,128.7
|
3,231,861.2
|
7.8
|
7.6
|
|
|
*Portfolio Investment
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
597,931.8
|
589,277.6
|
7.0
|
3.9
|
|
|
Equity and Investment Fund Shares
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
392,600.8
|
392,186.3
|
7.2
|
-0.9
|
|
|
Debt Securities
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
205,331.0
|
197,091.3
|
6.5
|
15.0
|
|
|
*Financial Derivatives
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
325,731.1
|
276,954.4
|
16.6
|
20.2
|
|
|
*Other Investment
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
1,822,818.9
|
1,775,503.5
|
-5.8
|
-8.2
|
|
|
Net International Investment Position
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
1,121,873.3
|
1,127,468.0
|
-7.4
|
-11.6
|
|
# Data are preliminary when first released.
1 Assets held by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
International Investment Position
Title : Singapore International Investment Position, (End Of Period), Annual
Million Dollars
|
Data Items
|
2015 |
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
|
Net International Investment Position
|
914,909.5 |
1,031,380.3 |
1,146,973.3 |
928,580 |
1,202,369.4 |
1,373,305.3 |
1,277,319.4 |
1,105,393.3 |
|
External Assets
|
4,354,513.3 |
4,647,527.1 |
5,090,323.8 |
5,163,677.2 |
5,788,987.4 |
6,426,859.5 |
6,828,703.2 |
7,063,974.2 |
|
Direct Investment
|
1,046,666.9 |
1,203,055.8 |
1,413,810.7 |
1,338,570.6 |
1,604,503 |
1,823,637.9 |
1,977,592.2 |
2,145,149.1 |
|
Portfolio Investment
|
1,368,941.2 |
1,488,863.6 |
1,691,134 |
1,701,102.4 |
2,028,951.1 |
2,170,643.9 |
2,302,220.9 |
2,246,632.7 |
|
Financial Derivatives
|
134,603.2 |
125,472.4 |
90,946.5 |
118,723.3 |
143,500.3 |
179,065.6 |
159,425.4 |
305,628.7 |
|
Other Investment
|
1,453,311.2 |
1,473,881.4 |
1,520,438.6 |
1,613,185.1 |
1,636,250.5 |
1,774,672 |
1,826,125.9 |
1,978,307.6 |
|
Reserve Assets *
Assets held by the Monetary Authority of Singapore.
|
350,990.8 |
356,253.9 |
373,994 |
392,095.8 |
375,782.5 |
478,840.1 |
563,338.8 |
388,256.1 |
|
External Liabilities
|
3,439,603.8 |
3,616,146.8 |
3,943,350.5 |
4,235,097.2 |
4,586,618 |
5,053,554.2 |
5,551,383.8 |
5,958,580.9 |
|
Direct Investment
|
1,543,357.5 |
1,655,824.5 |
1,902,113.3 |
2,077,048.4 |
2,340,416.6 |
2,625,679.3 |
2,932,564.9 |
3,184,545.5 |
|
Portfolio Investment
|
248,072.9 |
295,368.5 |
373,405.6 |
366,039.5 |
398,318.4 |
434,530.8 |
547,367.2 |
602,338.9 |
|
Financial Derivatives
|
127,941 |
124,035.3 |
101,265 |
142,360.4 |
161,767.6 |
208,975.2 |
185,088.3 |
308,899.3 |
|
Other Investment
|
1,520,232.4 |
1,540,918.5 |
1,566,566.6 |
1,649,648.9 |
1,686,115.4 |
1,784,368.9 |
1,886,363.4 |
1,862,797.2 |
SOURCE : SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS
Footnotes
For more information on international investments position methodologies, please visit Singstat website (www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/economy/international-investment-position/publications-and-methodology) to view and download related publications.
Visualising Data
View and explore data with the latest visualisations:
Singapore's International Investment Position Dashboard
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Portfolio Investment Assets Dashboard
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Gross external debt is defined as the outstanding amount of current (and not contingent) debt liabilities owed to non-residents by residents of an economy. The values reflected are as at a point in time. The external debt position can also be understood as a subset of the IIP, where it is equivalent to total external liabilities of the latter less equity and investment fund shares and financial derivatives. External debt statistics is used to monitor and analyse the external vulnerability of an economy.
The compilation of Singapore’s external debt statistics is consistent with the recommendations set out in the International Monetary Fund’s External Debt Statistics Guide (2013).
Data
Please click on the topic to view the available data tables.
View latest data:
Key Indicators
| SDDS Data Category and Component |
Unit Description |
Observations |
% change |
Data Source/
Links to Data |
| In Latest data |
in Latest-1 data |
| Date of Latest |
Latest data |
Latest-1 data |
(over same period in previous year) |
| External Sector |
|
External Debt
1/ #/
|
DOS
|
|
Direct Investment: Intercompany Loans
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
392,868.9
|
395,077.1
|
-2.4
|
-0.7
|
|
|
Debt Liabilities of DIE 2/ to Direct Investors
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
294,549.1
|
298,646.6
|
-4.6
|
-3.0
|
|
|
Debt Liabilities of Direct Investors to DIE 2/
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
43,724.8
|
43,882.2
|
-0.6
|
7.0
|
|
|
Debt Liabilities between Fellow Enterprises
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
54,595.0
|
52,548.4
|
9.6
|
7.3
|
|
|
Other Liabilities
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
2,027,642.0
|
1,972,110.1
|
-4.7
|
-6.3
|
|
|
General Government
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
|
Central Bank
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
8,071.3
|
8,004.0
|
-2.6
|
-4.5
|
|
|
Short-term
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
|
Loans
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
|
Debt Securities
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
|
Currency and Deposits 3/
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
|
|
Others
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
|
Long-term
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
8,071.3
|
8,004.0
|
-2.6
|
-4.5
|
|
|
Special Drawing Rights (allocations)
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
8,071.3
|
8,004.0
|
-2.6
|
-4.5 |
|
|
Loans
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
|
Debt Securities
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
|
Others
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
|
Deposit-Taking Corporations
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
1,496,978.6
|
1,447,058.8
|
-4.9
|
-6.9
|
|
|
Short-term
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
1,320,086.5
|
1,273,903.4
|
-4.0
|
-6.3
|
|
|
Loans
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
|
Debt Securities
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
34,775.8
|
32,317.0
|
38.7
|
39.5
|
|
|
Currency and Deposits
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
1,274,998.6
|
1,230,227.8
|
-4.6
|
-7.0
|
|
|
Others
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
10,312.1
|
11,358.6
|
-24.6
|
-18.4
|
|
|
Long-term
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
176,892.1
|
173,155.4
|
-11.4
|
-10.8
|
|
|
Loans
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
|
|
Debt Securities
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
8,894.7
|
9,949.3
|
-60.5
|
-11.5
|
|
|
Others
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
167,997.4
|
163,206.1
|
-5.2
|
-10.7
|
|
|
Other Sector
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
522,592.1
|
517,047.3
|
-4.0
|
-4.7
|
|
|
Short-term
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
297,487.9
|
296,019.3
|
-7.6
|
-6.9
|
|
|
Trade Credits and Advances
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
137,287.0
|
141,277.7
|
-16.0
|
-11.5
|
|
|
Loans
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
122,157.7
|
118,822.2
|
-6.8
|
-11.4
|
|
|
Debt Securities
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
29,726.3
|
27,567.5
|
66.4
|
94.5
|
|
|
Others
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
8,316.9
|
8,351.9
|
-12.8
|
-15.3
|
|
|
Long-term
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
225,104.2
|
221,028.0
|
1.1
|
-1.6
|
|
|
Loans
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
55,909.6
|
54,470.8
|
-5.7
|
-12.8
|
|
|
Debt Securities
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
131,934.2
|
127,257.5
|
3.5
|
3.6
|
|
|
Others
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
37,260.4
|
39,299.7
|
3.7
|
-0.2
|
|
|
Gross External Debt
|
S$m |
Q2/23
|
2,420,510.9
|
2,367,187.2
|
-4.3
|
-5.4
|
|
| Exchange Rate S$ per US$ (as at end-month) 4 / |
S$ per US$ |
Aug/23
|
1.3503
|
1.3318
|
-3.2
|
-3.4
|
MAS |
# Data are preliminary when first released.
1 With the implementation of the recommendations of the 6th Edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Manual (BPM6), Singapore’s gross external debt is now reported on a BPM6 format. The accompanying revision in the treatment of Asian Currency Units (ACUs) as resident units (which previously were treated as non-resident units) means that the coverage of Singapore’s external assets and liabilities has been expanded to include those of the ACUs, resulting in increases in both Singapore’s external assets and liabilities. While the expansion of coverage has resulted in higher gross external debt (or liabilities), it has resulted also in higher external assets. Singapore remains a net creditor, as the resulting increase in external assets is more than the increase in liabilities. More information may be found in the Occasional Paper on “
Implementation of IMF Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth Edition in Singapore’s Balance of Payments".
2 Refer to direct investment enterprise.
3 Data are not released due to relatively insignificant value and/or in order to safeguard confidentiality of information provided by individual establishments.
4 Data on daily interest rates and exchange rates are available on Reuters, Bloomberg, etc.
External Debt
Title : Singapore External Debt Statistics, (End Of Period), Quarterly
Million Dollars
|
Data Items
|
2021 3Q |
2021 4Q |
2022 1Q |
2022 2Q |
2022 3Q |
2022 4Q |
2023 1Q |
2023 2Q |
|
Gross External Debt
|
2,433,781.4 |
2,463,997.4 |
2,502,757.4 |
2,530,465.9 |
2,585,253.1 |
2,481,397 |
2,367,187.2 |
2,420,510.9 |
|
Direct Investment:Intercompany Loans
|
417,449.1 |
408,277.9 |
397,973.8 |
402,715.2 |
404,091.5 |
397,025.1 |
395,077.1 |
392,868.9 |
|
Debt Liabilities Of DIE To Direct Investors *
Refers to direct investment enterprise.
|
318,779.3 |
308,746.7 |
307,994 |
308,889.7 |
310,746.7 |
303,140.5 |
298,646.5 |
294,549.1 |
|
Debt Liabilities Of Direct Investors To DIE *
Refers to direct investment enterprise.
|
42,374 |
42,967 |
41,017.9 |
44,009.8 |
42,871 |
43,187 |
43,882.2 |
43,724.8 |
|
Debt Liabilities Between Fellow Enterprises
|
56,295.8 |
56,564.2 |
48,961.9 |
49,815.7 |
50,473.8 |
50,697.6 |
52,548.4 |
54,595 |
|
Other Liabilities
|
2,016,332.3 |
2,055,719.5 |
2,104,783.6 |
2,127,750.7 |
2,181,161.6 |
2,084,371.9 |
1,972,110.1 |
2,027,642 |
|
General Government
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Central Bank
|
8,570.7 |
8,457.3 |
8,381.8 |
8,285.6 |
8,212.1 |
8,052 |
8,004 |
8,071.3 |
|
Deposit-Taking Corporations
|
1,502,629.7 |
1,523,658.1 |
1,553,918.4 |
1,574,820.6 |
1,622,036.6 |
1,551,156.8 |
1,447,058.8 |
1,496,978.6 |
|
Other Sector
|
505,131.9 |
523,604.1 |
542,483.4 |
544,644.5 |
550,912.9 |
525,163.1 |
517,047.3 |
522,592.1 |
SOURCE : SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS
Footnotes
With the implementation of the recommendations of the 6th Edition of the Balance of Payments and International Investment Manual (BPM6), Singapore's gross external debt is now reported on a BPM6 format. The accompanying revision in the treatment of Asian Currency Units (ACUs) as resident units (which previously were treated as non?resident units) means that the coverage of Singapore's external assets and liabilities has been expanded to include those of the ACUs, resulting in increases in both Singapore's external assets and liabilities. While the expansion of coverage has resulted in higher gross external debt (or liabilities), it has resulted also in higher external assets. Singapore remains a net creditor, as the resulting increase in external assets is more than the increase in liabilities. More information may be found in the Occasional Paper on ""Implementation of IMF Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth Edition in Singapore's Balance of Payments"".
Visualising Data
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Definitions
International Accounts
International Investment Position
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Other References
Balance of Payments
Economic Survey of Singapore
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Impact of Global Economic Disruptions on Singapore's Balance of Payments
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Methodological Improvements to the Current Account of Singapore’s Balance of Payments
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Adoption of the Extended Balance of Payments Services Classifications
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Singapore's International Accounts: Methodological Updates and Recent Developments
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Implementation of IMF Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth Edition in Singapore’s Balance of Payments
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Compilation and Reporting of Singapore’s Cross-Border Financial Derivatives
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International Investment Position
Singapore’s Portfolio Investment: Holdings of Foreign Equity and Debt Securities
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Singapore's International Accounts: Methodological Updates and Recent Developments
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Implementation of IMF Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth Edition in Singapore’s Balance of Payments
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Compilation and Reporting of Singapore’s Cross-Border Financial Derivatives
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External Debt
Singapore's International Accounts: Methodological Updates and Recent Developments
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Implementation of IMF Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, Sixth Edition in Singapore’s Balance of Payments
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