A household refers to (i) a group of two or more persons living together in the same house and sharing common food or other essential arrangements for living; or (ii) a person living alone or a person living with others but having his own food or other essential arrangements for living. Although persons may be living in the same house, they may not be members of the same household.
Data
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Key Indicators
| Items |
Unit |
Latest Period |
Latest Data |
% Change
(Y-o-Y) 1/ |
Previous
Period Data |
% Change
(Y-o-Y) 2/ |
| Households |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Number of Resident Households3/ |
'000 |
2023 |
1,425.1 |
1.8 |
1,399.6 |
0.6 |
| Average Household Size of Resident Households 4/ |
Persons |
2023 |
3.11 |
na |
3.09 |
na |
| Proportion of Owner-Occupied Resident Households 5/ |
% |
2023 |
89.7 |
na |
89.3 |
na |
| Items |
Unit |
Latest Period |
Latest Data |
% Change
(Y-o-Y) 1/ |
Previous
Period Data |
% Change
(Y-o-Y) 2/ |
| Resident Households by Type of Dwelling |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Total 6/ |
% |
2023 |
100.0 |
na |
100.0 |
na |
| Total HDB Dwellings |
% |
2023 |
77.8 |
na |
77.9 |
na |
| HDB 1- & 2-Room Flats 7/ |
% |
2023 |
7.0 |
na |
6.7 |
na |
| HDB 3-Room Flats |
% |
2023 |
17.0 |
na |
17.2 |
na |
| HDB 4-Room Flats |
% |
2023 |
31.3 |
na |
31.4 |
na |
| HDB 5-Room & Executive Flats |
% |
2023 |
22.4 |
na |
22.6 |
na |
| Condominiums & Other Apartments |
% |
2023 |
17.2 |
na |
17.0 |
na |
| Landed Properties |
% |
2023 |
4.8 |
na |
4.9 |
na |
na not available or not applicable.
1 Refers to % change in latest period over the same period in the previous year.
2 Refers to % change in the previous period over the same period in the previous year.
3 Refers to households where the household reference person is a Singapore citizen or permanent resident.
4 Household size refers to the total number of members in the household, including domestic workers.
5 Refers to the proportion of households where the household reference person and/or any other member(s) in the household owns the dwelling unit.
6 'Total' includes other types of dwelling not shown, e.g. non-HDB shophouses etc.
7 Includes HDB studio apartments.
Resident Households
Title : Resident Households By Household Size, Annual
|
Data Items
|
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
|
Resident Households
(Number)
|
1,263,600 |
1,289,900 |
1,325,300 |
1,372,400 |
1,372,600 |
1,390,600 |
1,399,600 |
1,425,100 |
|
Average Household Size Among Resident Households
(Persons)
|
3.35 |
3.3 |
3.24 |
3.16 |
3.22 |
3.15 |
3.09 |
3.11 |
SOURCE : SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS
Footnotes
A resident household refers to a household where the household reference person is a Singapore citizen or permanent resident. The household size refers to the total number of members in the household, including domestic workers. Data for 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 are based on the Census of Population while data for 1995, 2005 and 2015 are based on the General Household Survey. Data for all other years are based on the Comprehensive June Labour Force Survey. Survey estimates are subject to sampling variability.
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Household income from work refers to the sum of income received by employed members of the
household from employment and business. However, it does not include the income of domestic
workers. Monthly household income from work includes one-twelfth of the annual bonus. Data on
household income from work refer to household income from work before accounting for
Government transfers and taxes, unless stated otherwise.
Data on household income by income groups are derived by first ranking, in ascending order, all resident employed households by their monthly household income from work per household member, and then dividing them into ten equal groups or deciles.
Explore the trends in household income from work and the impact of Government transfers on household income in our 'Key Household Income Trends Dashboard' in the 'Visualising Data' section below.
Household Income Distribution
The Gini Coefficient is a summary statistic that measures the dispersion of incomes on a scale of zero to one. A Gini of zero reflects perfect equality, where every household has the same income. A Gini of one represents perfect inequality, where one household has all of the income.
Equivalence scales take into account economies of scale within the household and adjust for household size so that households with different sizes and compositions are comparable. There are different equivalence scales used by different countries and international organisations. Commonly used equivalence scales include the modified OECD scale (used by Eurostat, the UK and Australia) and the square root scale (used by OECD in its reports). Department of Statistics compiles Singapore’s Gini Coefficient based on the per household member scale, modified OECD scale and square root scale.
Find out more on the concept of the ‘Gini Coefficient’ from the video in the ‘Visualising Data’ section below.
Government Transfers and Taxes
The Government transfers and taxes are subject to scheme design and data availability. For example, data on workfare-related payment starts from 2006, when the scheme was first introduced in 2006 as workfare bonus and subsequently as the workfare income supplement scheme.
Data
Please click on the topic to view the available data tables.
Key Indicators on Household Income From Work
Title : Key Indicators On Household Income From Work Among Resident Employed Households, Annual
|
Data Items
|
2016 |
2017 |
2018 |
2019 |
2020 |
2021 |
2022 |
2023 |
|
Median Monthly Household Income From Work Including Employer CPF Contributions
(Dollar)
|
8,846 |
9,023 |
9,293 |
9,425 |
9,189 |
9,520 |
10,099 |
10,869 |
|
Real Change In Median Monthly Household Income From Work Including Employer CPF Contributions *
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for All Items for the relevant household income group is used as the deflator to compute real income changes.
(Per Cent)
|
2.6 |
1.5 |
2.6 |
1 |
-2.4 |
1.5 |
0.2 |
2.8 |
|
Median Monthly Household Income From Work Per Household Member (Including Employer CPF Contributions) *
Household income from work per household member refers to the household income from work divided by the total number of members in the household. For example, if there is one person in a household of four who is employed, his income is divided by four to derive the income per household member.
(Dollar)
|
2,584 |
2,699 |
2,792 |
2,925 |
2,886 |
3,027 |
3,287 |
3,500 |
|
Real Change In Median Monthly Household Income From Work Per Household Member (Including Employer CPF Contributions) *
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for All Items for the relevant household income group is used as the deflator to compute real income changes.
(Per Cent)
|
3.8 |
3.9 |
3 |
4.3 |
-1.2 |
2.8 |
2.6 |
1.7 |
|
Gini Coefficient Based On Household Income From Work Per Household Member (Including Employer CPF Contributions) Before Accounting For Government Transfers And Taxes *
Internationally, there are differences in computation methods adopted by different countries, although the basic concept of Gini remains the same. One major difference is in the equivalence scale adopted. Equivalence scales take into account economies of scale within the household, and adjust for household size so that households with different sizes and compositions are comparable. There are different scales used by different countries and international organisations. Household income from work per household member refers to the household income from work divided by the total number of members in the household. For example, if there is one person in a household of four who is employed, his income is divided by four to derive the income per household member.
|
0.458 |
0.459 |
0.458 |
0.452 |
0.452 |
0.444 |
0.437 |
0.433 |
|
Gini Coefficient Based On Household Income From Work Per Household Member (Including Employer CPF Contributions) After Accounting For Government Transfers And Taxes *
Internationally, there are differences in computation methods adopted by different countries, although the basic concept of Gini remains the same. One major difference is in the equivalence scale adopted. Equivalence scales take into account economies of scale within the household, and adjust for household size so that households with different sizes and compositions are comparable. There are different scales used by different countries and international organisations. Household income from work per household member refers to the household income from work divided by the total number of members in the household. For example, if there is one person in a household of four who is employed, his income is divided by four to derive the income per household member. Data on income after accounting for government transfers and taxes for 2023 are preliminary. Similar to past practices, as more administrative data on Government transfers or taxes become available, the coverage has been expanded to include more types of transfers.
|
0.401 |
0.402 |
0.403 |
0.398 |
0.375 |
0.385 |
0.378 |
0.371 |
SOURCE : SINGAPORE DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS
Footnotes
Data refer to resident employed households. A resident employed household refers to a household where the household reference person is a resident (i.e. Singapore citizen or permanent resident), and with at least one employed person. Household income from work refers to the sum of income received by employed members of the household from employment and business. However, it does not include the income of domestic workers. Household income from work includes employer Central Provident Fund (CPF) contributions. Monthly household income from work includes one-twelfth of annual bonus. Data on household income from work refers to household income from work before accounting for Government transfers and taxes, unless stated otherwise. The dollar values are in nominal terms. More data and analyses on household income from work can be found in the paper 'Key Household Income Trends, 2023'. The paper can be accessed via the following web-link: www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/households/household-income/publications-and-methodology
Income Inequality/ Gini Coefficient
Data on household expenditure are based the results from the quinquennial Household Expenditure Survey (HES). The HES collects detailed information on the consumption expenditure of resident households in Singapore, as well as households’ demographic and socio-economic characteristics and ownership of consumer durables.
Data
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Household Expenditure - Household Expenditure Survey
Visualising Data
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Understanding the Gini Coefficient
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Definitions
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Other References
Household Expenditure
Report on the Household Expenditure Survey 2017/18
View
Household Income
Key Household Income Trends
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