Research and Development

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Data on research and development (R&D) in Singapore are collected through the National Survey of Research, Innovation and Enterprise (RIE), conducted on an annual basis by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). The scope of the survey covers innovation and R&D activities in the government, public research institutes, institutes of higher learning and the private sector.

To facilitate international comparability, data from the survey are collected and presented based on guidelines provided in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) "Frascati Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development" (2015 Edition).

Patents

Data on patents resulting from R&D activities carried out in Singapore that are published in the National Survey of Research, Innovation and Enterprise (RIE) are as reported by survey respondents. Only one patent is awarded to each invention, irrespective of the number of countries to which the patent is being applied or awarded.

Data

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Organisations Performing R&D by Sector

Title : Organisations Performing Research And Development By Institutional Sector, Annual

Number

Data Items	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total	854	819	897	907	1,114	1,035	1,039	1,084
Private Sector	806	772	849	855	1,058	980	985	1,025
Institutes Of Higher Learning	13	14	14	15	15	15	14	20
Government Sector (Including Public Research Institutes) * With effect from the release of 2022 publication, public research entities have been subsumed under the Government Sector for conceptual alignment with OECD.	35	33	34	37	41	40	40	39

SOURCE : AGENCY FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH

Footnotes

Data on research and development (R&D) in Singapore are collected through the National Survey of Research, Innovation and Enterprise (RIE), conducted on an annual basis by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). The institutional sectors in the RIE Survey are broadly split into three sectors, namely (a) 'Private sector' comprises all business enterprises, excluding institutions of higher learning; (b) 'Government sector' comprises all government organisations, including government ministries, statutory boards & public research institutes and excluding institutes of higher learning; and (c) 'Institutes of Higher Learning' comprises institutions of higher learning, including the universities and polytechnics.

Organisations Performing Research And Development By Institutional Sector, Annual

R&D Expenditure

Title : Research And Development Expenditure By Major Industry In The Private Sector, Annual

Million Dollars

Data Items	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022
Total	5,469.39	5,295.59	5,325.15	5,484.22	5,916.67	6,602.9	7,277.41	8,141.13
Manufacturing	2,946.12	2,753.92	2,749.74	2,335.44	2,989.07	3,366.28	3,690.51	3,673.71
Services	2,505.67	2,514.53	2,546.86	3,112.16	2,889.86	3,189.61	3,544.32	4,408.34
Primary Industries & Construction	17.6	27.14	28.54	36.61	37.74	47.01	42.58	59.08

SOURCE : AGENCY FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH

Footnotes

Data on research and development (R&D) in Singapore are collected through the National Survey of Research, Innovation and Enterprise (RIE), conducted on an annual basis by the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR). Industries are classified based on Singapore Standard Industrial Classification 2020.

Research And Development Expenditure By Major Industry In The Private Sector, Annual

Research And Development Expenditure By Institutional Sector and Area Of Research, Annual

Research And Development Expenditure By Type Of Costs and Institutional Sector, Annual

Research And Development Expenditure As A Proportion Of GDP (At Current Market Prices), Annual

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